Tensegrity Principles
Tension + Integrity = Tensegrity
Fuller pioneered tensegrity (tensional integrity): structural systems where isolated compression elements exist within a continuous network of tension. The Dymaxion House embodies this principle.
陰陽 Tension-Compression Duality
陰 Tension (Yin)
Continuous • Receiving • Flexible
Nature
Continuous, unbroken network
Form
Sea of tension - cables, membranes, networks
Character
Wave-like, flowing, flexible
Shape
Concave - receiving forces
In Dymaxion
Steel cables (7/64" × 50')
Radiating from mast top
陽 Compression (Yang)
Discontinuous • Transmitting • Rigid
Nature
Discontinuous, isolated elements
Form
Islands of compression - struts, columns, masts
Character
Particle-like, distinct, rigid
Shape
Convex - transmitting forces
In Dymaxion
Central aluminum mast (7.3m)
Isolated, not touching ground
How Tensegrity Works
1. Pre-Tension Creates Stability
The tension cables are tightened BEFORE any load is applied. This pre-tension creates a stable system that responds as a unified whole.
2. Load Distribution Through Network
When weight is added (floor, walls, people), forces distribute through the entire tension network, not concentrated at single points.
3. Compression Elements Float
The central mast and floor beams are "suspended" within the tension network. They push outward while cables pull inward, creating equilibrium.
4. Efficient Material Use
Tension structures use material more efficiently than compression. Steel cables can carry enormous loads relative to their weight.
Structural Benefits
Lightweight
Tension cables weigh far less than equivalent compression columns
Flexible
System can accommodate movement and vibration without failure
Earthquake Resistant
Tension networks absorb and distribute seismic energy
Clear Spans
No intermediate supports needed - open interior spaces
Minimal Foundation
Tension reduces ground contact needs
Scalable
Principles work from small to large structures